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Herbert Adams Gibbons (April 8, 1880 – August 7, 1934) was an American journalist who wrote about international politics and European colonialism during the early 20th century. He is best known for his books, ''The New Map of Asia'', ''The New Map of Africa'', and ''The New Map of Europe''. Between 1908 and 1934, Gibbons was a foreign correspondent for several large New York newspapers.〔"Herbert A. Gibbons, Noted Writer, Dies, The New York Times, Aug. 8, 1934, at 17; Edward Levenson, "This Was Doylestown: 1923," Doylestown-Buckingham-New Britain Patch, Jan. 26, 2012; (Princeton University Library Website ), describing the papers of Herbert Adams Gibbons,〕 He was stationed in Greece, Spain, Turkey, Africa and China.〔 His writings were syndicated in eighty newspapers in the United States.〔Edward Levenson, "This Was Doylestown: 1923," Doylestown-Buckingham-New Britain Patch, Jan. 26, 2012.〕 Both Gibbons and his wife both saw the effects of the pre-World War I Armenian Genocide and Greek genocide events and are credited with saving many lives in 1909.〔 During the course of his career, Gibbons wrote more than two dozen books on international affairs and the shifting borders of the early 20th century. He lectured frequently about international politics, and was widely quoted in the media.〔"Herbert A. Gibbons, Noted Writer, Dies, The New York Times, Aug. 8, 1934, at 17.〕 Several of Gibbons' books are still in print today. ==Career== Gibbons spent his early career in Turkey, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. He initially visited Turkey as a missionary.〔"Days of Horror Described: American Missionary an Eyewitness of Murder and Rapine," ''The New York Times'', April 28, 1909, at 3.〕 However, he was soon hired by the New York Herald Tribune, to serve as a correspondent. In April 1909, Gibbons personally observed the Turkish attacks on Greeks and Armenians.〔("Days of Horror Described: American Missionary an Eyewitness of Murder and Rapine," )''The New York Times'', April 28, 1909, at 3; "Hero of Adana in Paris: The Rev. Mr. Gibbons Says Civil War Is In Store for Turkey."''The New York Times'', June 20, 1909.〕 He wrote a book about the Armenian Genocide entitled ''The Blackest Page in Modern History''.〔Merrill D. Peterson, ''"Starving Armenians": America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After'' (University of Virginia Press, 2004), ISBN 978-0813922676, p. 44. (Excerpts available ) at Google Books.〕 His wife, Helen, also wrote about their experiences in Tarsus and Adana, and published a book, ''The Red Rugs of Tarsus'', in 1917.〔 From 1910 to 1913, while he was in Turkey, Gibbons also served as the Professor of History and Political Economy at Robert College in Istanbul.〔"Herbert A. Gibbons, Noted Writer, Dies," New York Times, Aug. 8, 1934, at 17.〕 Between 1917 and 1918, Gibbons served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Between 1920 and 1931, he was a correspondent for various American magazines, sending dispatches from Europe, Asia, and Africa.〔Princeton University Library Website, describing the papers of Herbert Adams Gibbons. http://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/MC062〕 In 1930, Gibbons was special correspondent for the New York Times in China and Manchuria.〔 In 1931, as part of a world tour, Gibbons was the first person to cross the continent of Africa—from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean—by means of rail. While in the Belgian Congo, Gibbons learned that a new rail line had just opened through Portuguese Angola. Gibbons was told that he was the first traveler to make the through trip.〔"Dr. Gibbons Claims a Record in Africa: Explorer Says in Paris He was the First to Cross Continent by Rail," New York Times, Aug. 29, 1931, at 4.〕 Gibbons made the complete trip across Africa - 3,500 miles - in nine days.〔"Sees Start of African Rail Line," New York Times, Aug. 23, 1931, at 57.〕 Gibbons lectured widely during the course of his career. Shortly after World War I, he held a position on the Princeton faculty.〔 During the 1920s, he gave an annual series of lectures at the United States Army War College.〔"Dr. Gibbons Favors 'Spiritual Zionism,'" New York Times, October 27, 1930, at 11.〕 A political progressive in the mold of Woodrow Wilson, he was noted for his opposition to nativism and his belief in cultural assimilation for ethnic minorities, and for his concomitant opposition to Zionism, which he thought would lead to an increase in antisemitism.〔Joseph W. Bendersky, ''The "Jewish Threat": Anti-Semitic Politics of the U.S. Army'' (Basic Books, 2008), ISBN 978-0465012190, pp. 175, 184-185. (Excerpts available ) at Google Books.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert Adams Gibbons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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